ESP Biography



AHAAN RUNGTA, MIT graduate




Major: Mathematics

College/Employer: MIT

Year of Graduation: 2019

Picture of Ahaan Rungta

Brief Biographical Sketch:

I graduated from MIT with a major in mathematics and I now work in sports.



Past Classes

  (Clicking a class title will bring you to the course's section of the corresponding course catalog)

X15957: Let's Talk About the NBA in Spark 2024 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2024)
Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, etc. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


X15871: Let's talk NFL & Fantasy Football! in Splash 2023 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2023)
Who are the real Super Bowl contenders this year? What do you need to do to win your fantasy football championship? This and everything NFL-related: let's talk about anything y'all want to discuss! 🏈


X15559: Let's talk NFL & Fantasy Football! in Spark 2023 (Mar. 18 - 19, 2023)
What does the Super Bowl mean for Patrick Mahomes and Jalen Hurts? How do you win your fantasy football league next year? This and everything NFL-related: let's talk about anything y'all want to discuss! 🏈 (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


X15596: Let's Talk About the NBA in Spark 2023 (Mar. 18 - 19, 2023)
Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, etc. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


Z15597: Basics of Political Polling in Spark 2023 (Mar. 18 - 19, 2023)
This last election season, you may have seen lots of people talking about what the polls predicted would happen and whether they were right or wrong. But where do these mysterious numbers come from in the first place? Learn from someone who worked in the polling industry about the process that goes into a poll, what polls are used for, and how you can be smarter reading and analyzing polls out in the wild!


X15219: Let's talk NFL & Fantasy Football! in Splash 2022 (Nov. 19 - 20, 2022)
Who are the real frauds of the NFL? Does Brady find his way to #8? And how are your fantasy teams doing and how do you become the best fantasy football manager you know? Let's talk about anything y'all want to discuss! 🏈 (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


Z15235: Basics of Political Polling in Splash 2022 (Nov. 19 - 20, 2022)
This last election season, you may have seen lots of people talking about what the polls predicted would happen and whether they were right or wrong. But where do these mysterious numbers come from in the first place? Learn from someone who worked in the polling industry about the process that goes into a poll, what polls are used for, and how you can be smarter reading and analyzing polls out in the wild!


X13841: Let's talk about the NFL! in Spark 2020 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2020)
The Chiefs are your Super Bowl Champions. The Patriots and the Brady decision are stalling the NFL offseason. Come talk about your favorite team, your favorite fantasy football player from 2019, the XFL, or anything else you want to talk about. (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


X13842: Let's Talk about Baseball! in Spark 2020 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2020)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2019 season, a weird offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too!


X13843: Let's Talk About the NBA! in Spark 2020 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2020)
The Miami Heat. Giannis for MVP again. Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, referees, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most. #RIPKobe


X13140: Let's Talk about Baseball! in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2019 season, playoffs, offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too!


X13141: Let's Talk About the NBA! in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Zion. RJ. Ja. AD. LA. The new Splash Bros. Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, issues like tanking, referees, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


X13142: Let's talk about the NFL! in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
It's football season. It's also fantasy football season. By the time it's Splash, it'll almost be playoff time. Come talk about your favorite team, your favorite fantasy football player, holdouts, or anything else you want to talk about. (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


M13162: Advanced Integration Techniques Part 1 in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Do you know how to do the following integrals? $$\int_0^\infty x^{2019}e^{-2020x} dx$$ $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty x^2 e^{-x^2} dx$$ $$\int_0^1 x^{2019} (1-x)^{2020} dx$$ By the end of this class you'll know how to do these integrals and much more very quickly! We'll discuss gamma and beta functions and their applications to statistics and physics. Note that parts 1 and 2 of Advanced Integration Techniques cover different material and are independent of each other. You can take one without the other, or take both together.


M13164: Advanced Integration Techniques Part 2 in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Do you know how to do the following integrals: $$\int_0^1 \frac{x^{2019}-1}{\log x} dx$$, $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x} dx$$, $$\int_0^{\pi/2} \frac{1}{1+\sin x} dx$$? By the end of this class you'll know how to do these integrals and much more! We'll discuss cool tricks like the Feynman technique and Weierstrass substitution. Note that parts 1 and 2 of Advanced Integration Techniques cover different material and are independent of each other. In particular, Part 1 is not required for Part 2. You can take one without the other, or take both together.


W13253: Science Bowl in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Come play high school Science Bowl and try to win for bragging rights and learn some awesome things about science! Know lots of science trivia, love hitting buzzers, or just want to try to answer questions ridiculously fast? This is the walk-in for you! You do not need to have familiarity/experience with this game to participate!


X13273: LaTeX! in Splash 2019 (Nov. 23 - 24, 2019)
Come learn how to typeset a mathematical document or scientific paper using the powerful language that is $$\LaTeX$$!


X12779: How to Run a Spark! in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
Ever thought about what happens behind-the-scenes when you sign up for Spark classes? Or how all of our teachers and classes fit into MIT's classrooms? Spark takes months to plan, and for good reason. Come learn how we make Spark happen every year!


X12985: Let's Talk about Baseball! in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2019 season, playoffs, offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too!


X12986: Let's talk about the NFL! in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
A month after the Patriots win the Super Bowl (again), let out all your pent up energy and come discuss and rant about your favorite teams (or even fantasy teams) or anything related to the NFL! We may or may not also discuss some changes to the league. (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


X12987: Let's Talk About the NBA! in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
A stacked MVP race that somehow seems like a runaway. The process turning into the big 5. Who's tanking the hardest for Zion? Are the Celtics really that bad? Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, issues like tanking, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


W13037: Science Bowl in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
Know lots of science trivia, love hitting buzzers, or just want to try to answer questions ridiculously fast? This is the walk-in for you! Come play some middle school science bowl with us! No prior experience with science bowl needed to participate!


W13058: Appreciation for any juice that is not Ruby Red in Spark 2019 (Mar. 16 - 17, 2019)
Ruby Red is not good. Any other juice is acceptable. Come appreciate all the different kinds of juice that are consumable and vote on which ones are the best!


H12875: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Lecture Series in HSSP Spring 2019 (Feb. 23, 2019)
Explore a new topic in the realm of humanities, arts, and social sciences every week through engaging one-time lectures given by various different teachers.


X12876: Math and Science Lecture Series in HSSP Spring 2019 (Feb. 23, 2019)
Explore a new topic in the realm of math and science every week through engaging one-time lectures given by various different teachers.


X12426: How to ace any interview ever in Splash 2018 (Nov. 17 - 18, 2018)
Come join an interactive workshop where you'll learn how to master all the tips and tricks to navigate any interview (college, club, career, etc) ever! There will be games and competitions to master ones interviewing abilities!


W12676: Science Bowl in Splash 2018 (Nov. 17 - 18, 2018)
Come play high school Science Bowl and try to win for bragging rights and learn some awesome things about science! Know lots of science trivia, love hitting buzzers, or just want to try to answer questions ridiculously fast? This is the walk-in for you! You do not need to have familiarity/experience with this game to participate!


X12677: Let's Talk about Baseball! in Splash 2018 (Nov. 17 - 18, 2018)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2018 season, playoffs, offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too!


X12681: Let's Talk About the NBA! in Splash 2018 (Nov. 17 - 18, 2018)
The rise of Bronzo. The controversies of Carmelo. The revival of the Celtics? Jimmy B on a new team? Ben Simmons getting a jumper? Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, issues like tanking, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


X12682: Let's talk about the NFL! in Splash 2018 (Nov. 17 - 18, 2018)
What's the best time to talk about the football season? During football season! Come discuss and rant about your fantasy teams or your favorite teams or anything related to the NFL! We may or may not also discuss some changes to the league. (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


X12041: MLB: The Offseason 2017-18 in Spark 2018 (Mar. 17 - 18, 2018)
Are you a baseball fan? Did your team make stupid moves this past offseason? Come to this class to be on a panel of middle school students discussing major offseason moves and perhaps predictions on the MLB season of 2018. This will be a light discussion and will not involve complicated math and statistics but be ready to argue with classmates!


X12236: How to Run a Spark! in Spark 2018 (Mar. 17 - 18, 2018)
Ever thought about what happens behind-the-scenes when you sign up for Spark classes? Or how all of our teachers and classes fit into MIT's classrooms? Spark takes months to plan, and for good reason. Come learn how we make Spark happen every year!


X11528: Let's Talk About the NBA! in Splash 2017 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2017)
KD on the Warriors. The rise of Embiid, Antetokounmpo, and Jokic. Russell Westbrook's never-ending train of triple-doubles (not to forget James Harden!). Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, issues like tanking, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


X11529: Let's Talk about Baseball! in Splash 2017 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2017)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2016-17 season, playoffs, offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too!


W11530: Science Bowl in Splash 2017 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2017)
Come play high school Science Bowl and try to win for bragging rights and learn some awesome things about science! Know lots of science trivia, love hitting buzzers, or just want to try to answer questions ridiculously fast? This is the walk-in for you! You do not need to have familiarity/experience with this game to participate!


X11782: Let's talk about the NFL! in Splash 2017 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2017)
What's the best time to talk about the football season? During football season! Come discuss and rant about your fantasy teams or your favorite teams or anything related to the NFL! We may or may not also discuss some changes to the league. (We will not be entertaining strong political views, it'll just be football talk!)


M11891: Integration Bee! in Splash 2017 (Nov. 18 - 19, 2017)
Come participate in an integration bee (YES, A CONTEST), similar to the one held at MIT annually, and then learn some calculus from us afterwards! Winner of the bee (the GRAND INTEGRATOR) gets a prize TBD.


X11209: MLB: The Offseason 2016-17 in Spark 2017 (Mar. 11 - 12, 2017)
Are you a baseball fan? Did your team make stupid moves this past offseason? Come to this class to be on a panel of middle school students discussing major offseason moves and perhaps predictions on the MLB season of 2017. This will be a light discussion and will not involve complicated math and statistics but be ready to argue with classmates!


X11424: Let's Talk About the NBA in Spark 2017 (Mar. 11 - 12, 2017)
KD on the Warriors. The rise of Embiid, Antetokounmpo, and Jokic. Russell Westbrook's never-ending train of triple-doubles (not to forget James Harden!). Come discuss storylines from this year's NBA season, predictions, statistics, issues like tanking, or maybe all-time greats. You'll get to shape the discussion based on what topics interest you most.


X11260: Math and Science Lecture Series in HSSP Spring 2017 (Feb. 18, 2017)
Is OCW not good enough for you? Come take lectures about math and science! We're going to science something different each week. And math something different each week!* *This may or may not actually happen. It may spontaneously be about K-Pop or Hiragana. Either way, this'll be great and super fun! You should definitely come.


X11271: Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Lecture Series in HSSP Spring 2017 (Feb. 18, 2017)
Take MIT subjects because it's fun.


X10560: Intentional Talk in Splash 2016 (Nov. 19 - 20, 2016)
Come interact with other enthusiastic baseball nerds about the MLB 2016-17 season, playoffs, offseason, and sabermetrics! Don't know what the last word means? We can talk about that too! Yes, the name of this class is ripped off the MLB Network TV show.


W10582: ScienceBowl in Splash 2016 (Nov. 19 - 20, 2016)
Come play high school ScienceBowl and try to win for bragging rights and learn some awesome things about science which you did not know before. You do not need to have familiarity/experience with this game to participate!


X10510: LaTeX! in HSSP Summer 2016 (Jul. 10, 2016)
Come learn the art of the most useful and fun math typesetting language in the world! At the end of this course, you should be able to write a paper or mathematical proof in fancy font - LaTeX!


X10556: Math & Science Lecture Series in HSSP Summer 2016 (Jul. 10, 2016)
Lecture Series in mathematics and the sciences.


X10557: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Lecture Series in HSSP Summer 2016 (Jul. 10, 2016)
Lecture series in the humanities, arts, and social sciences.


M10346: What's in a Sum? in Spark 2016 (Mar. 12 - 13, 2016)
When being asked to evaluate "a sum," we might just think of addition. But what if you have to add up 2014 terms? You need a trick! And when you need a trick, you write stuff as formulas. Sometimes, you don't even care what "stuff" is, but you just want to find a sum. We write things in what we call _closed forms_, a fancy name for a useful formula we can sum on. You can find out here how to do this. You should not take this class if you already know how to compute sums such as $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \dfrac {1}{k^2} $$ or $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{2014} \left( k^2 + 2k + 1 \right) $$. In fact, if you don't even know what that means, you should come to this class!


M10347: Geobashing 101 in Spark 2016 (Mar. 12 - 13, 2016)
"Bashing is a harsh, gratuitous, prejudicial attack on a person, group, or subject. Literally, bashing is a term meaning to hit or assault, but when it is used as a suffix, or in conjunction with a noun indicating the subject being attacked, it is normally used to imply that the act is motivated by bigotry." -- Wikipedia Geobashing, on the other hand, is not only acceptable but many times helpful. It is a tool which, when used excessively, is harmful but when used in moderation, is magic. In this class, we will study the art of "bashing" geometry problems of all levels and talk about the pros and cons of taking this ruthless path.


C10348: ScratchMIT in Spark 2016 (Mar. 12 - 13, 2016)
Scratch is a free programming language and online community where you can create your own interactive stories, games, and animations. In this class, we'll learn the basics of Scratch!


W10349: Chess! in Spark 2016 (Mar. 12 - 13, 2016)
Come play chess! If you need an intro to chess, we can do that for you as well.


X10350: LaTeX in Spark 2016 (Mar. 12 - 13, 2016)
Want to write your math equations without using Word? Good idea. In this class, we will talk about the basics of LaTeX, a high-quality typesetting system which is used for many math and science documents and research papers.


S10229: Solid State Chemistry in HSSP Spring 2016 (Feb. 20, 2016)
In this class, we will cover all of the fundamental concepts in a very specific type of chemistry - the part of the science that deals with solids and their very unique properties. This course will get you ready for and open your eyes to the field of material science engineering, which relies completely on the amazing dynamics we will learn about.


X10284: Math & Science Lecture Series in HSSP Spring 2016 (Feb. 20, 2016)
Lecture Series in mathematics and the sciences.


X9571: LaTeX in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
Want to write your math equations without using Word? Good idea. In this class, we will talk about the basics of LaTeX, a high-quality typesetting system which is used for many math and science documents and research papers.


X9572: MLB: The Offseason 2015-16 in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
Are you a baseball fan? Did your team make stupid moves this past offseason? Come to this class to be on a panel of high school students discussing major offseason moves and perhaps predictions on the MLB season of 2016. This will be a light discussion and will not involve complicated math and statistics but be ready to argue with classmates!


W9580: ScienceBowl in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
The High School National Science Bowl (NSB) is a science knowledge competition using a quiz bowl format. A buzzer system similar to those seen on popular television game shows is used to signal an answer. Come play high school ScienceBowl in teams of four for fun!


H9634: Idioms and Orwell in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
We often hear and use idioms but, most of the time, we don't even know what they literally mean. In this class, we'll talk about common and not-so-common idioms and what they _really_ mean by looking at their origins. We'll also talk a little bit about this dude named George Orwell.


M9637: Integration Bee! in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
Come participate in an integration bee (YES, A CONTEST), similar to the one held at MIT annually, and then learn some calculus from us afterwards! Winner of the bee (the GRAND INTEGRATOR) gets a prize TBD.


M9814: Diffy Queues in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
Know how to do derivatives and integrals and all that standard calc stuff? Cool! Let's go backwards and solve differential equations -- the subject most engineers and scientists need to know. You know -- it's their language. Come learn how to solve differential equations, from the most basic to the slightly more complicated.


C9818: ScratchMIT in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
Scratch is a free programming language and online community where you can create your own interactive stories, games, and animations. In this class, we'll learn the basics of Scratch!


M9819: Geobashing 101 in Splash 2015 (Nov. 21 - 22, 2015)
"Bashing is a harsh, gratuitous, prejudicial attack on a person, group, or subject. Literally, bashing is a term meaning to hit or assault, but when it is used as a suffix, or in conjunction with a noun indicating the subject being attacked, it is normally used to imply that the act is motivated by bigotry." -- Wikipedia Geobashing, on the other hand, is not only acceptable but many times helpful. It is a tool which, when used excessively, is harmful but when used in moderation, is magic. In this class, we will study the art of "bashing" geometry problems of all levels and talk about the pros and cons of taking this ruthless path.


M9471: Introduction to Calculus! in HSSP Summer 2015 (Jul. 12, 2015)
This course will be for those who have not seen Calculus before. In this course, we will not just learn the definitions and formulas of Calculus, but also the how and the why. Calculus may seem like a dry subject but in actuality it has a lot of stories to tell and can often be the most expressive part of Mathematics. In these 7 weeks, we will understand what Calculus has to offer.


S9482: How to physics without a calculus in HSSP Summer 2015 (Jul. 12, 2015)
In this class, we will study physics and problem-solve in ways that are both non-sketchy and simple. Physics without calculus sounds improbable but it turns out the basic concepts of physics can be well-understood even without extensive mathematics. This course will focus on conceptualization but will involve problem-solving projects which requires applying mathematics to physics (correctly)! You should not take this course if you have already taken an entire AP Physics B or C course.


M9503: Understanding Number Theory in HSSP Summer 2015 (Jul. 12, 2015)
In this class, we'll delve into the very specific yet diverse subject of number theory. We'll think beyond the box of regular axioms and rules and try apply the fundamental concepts of number theory to problem-solving. If we get time, we might even talk about some advanced techniques.


M9284: Peano's Axioms - Why Arithmetic Works in Spark 2015 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2015)
Math works. Why? Because basic properties such that $$ 1 \cdot x = x $$, $$ 0 + x = x $$, and $$ 0 \cdot x = 0 $$ hold. What if it didn't? If you try to make a system where these don't hold, then Math falls apart. But Peano's Axioms come to the rescue and let us prove these basic things. This class serves two purposes: 1) Creating the foundation of modern arithmetic and number theory. 2) Introduction basic proof-writing and how an "it works" proof can be made formal.


M9285: What's in a Sum? in Spark 2015 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2015)
When being asked to evaluate "a sum," we might just think of addition. But what if you have to add up 2014 terms? You need a trick! And when you need a trick, you write stuff as formulas. Sometimes, you don't even care what "stuff" is, but you just want to find a sum. We write things in what we call _closed forms_, a fancy name for a useful formula we can sum on. You can find out here how to do this. You should not take this class if you already know how to compute sums such as $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \dfrac {1}{k^2} $$ or $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{2014} \left( k^2 + 2k + 1 \right) $$. In fact, if you don't even know what that means, you should come to this class!


M9287: Geobashing 101 in Spark 2015 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2015)
"Bashing is a harsh, gratuitous, prejudicial attack on a person, group, or subject. Literally, bashing is a term meaning to hit or assault, but when it is used as a suffix, or in conjunction with a noun indicating the subject being attacked, it is normally used to imply that the act is motivated by bigotry." -- Wikipedia Geobashing, on the other hand, is not only acceptable but many times helpful. It is a tool which, when used excessively, is harmful but when used in moderation, is magic. In this class, we will study the art of "bashing" geometry problems of all levels and talk about the pros and cons of taking this ruthless path.


W9290: ScienceBowl in Spark 2015 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2015)
Come play middle school ScienceBowl and try to win for bragging rights and learn some awesome things about science which you did not know before.


X9308: LaTeX in Spark 2015 (Mar. 14 - 15, 2015)
Want to write your math equations without using Word? Good idea. In this class, we will talk about the basics of LaTeX, a high-quality typesetting system which is used for many math and science documents and research papers.


M8474: Introduction to Calculus! in HSSP Summer 2014 (Jul. 06, 2014)
This course will be for those who have not seen Calculus before. In this course, we will not just learn the definitions and formulas of Calculus, but also the how and the why. Calculus may seem like a dry subject but in actuality it has a lot of stories to tell and can often be the most expressive part of Mathematics. In these 7 weeks, we will understand what Calculus has to offer.


X8321: How to run your own Online Contest! in Spark 2014 (Mar. 15 - 16, 2014)
Have you ever been in the competition environment, in sports or in a subject? For example, have you participated in a math competition, science competition, or chess competition? What would it be like to start one of your own and run the contest for the public online, free of cost? We will answer all these questions briefly in 50 minutes! Although this sounds like a easy task, running and managing a contest of your own takes a lot of skill. There are many questions to ask, such as the biggest question in all of entrepreneurship - who is your customer? How can you use the fundamental qualities of a good leader while running your own contest? Find out here!


M8322: What's in a Sum? in Spark 2014 (Mar. 15 - 16, 2014)
When being asked to evaluate "a sum," we might just think of addition. But what if you have to add up 2014 terms? You need a trick! And when you need a trick, you write stuff as formulas. Sometimes, you don't even care what "stuff" is, but you just want to find a sum. We write things in what we call _closed forms_, a fancy name for a useful formula we can sum on. You can find out here how to do this. You should not take this class if you already know how to compute sums such as $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \dfrac {1}{k^2} $$ or $$ \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{2014} \left( k^2 + 2k + 1 \right) $$. In fact, if you don't even know what that means, you should come to this class!


M8323: Peano's Axioms - Why Arithmetic Works in Spark 2014 (Mar. 15 - 16, 2014)
Math works. Why? Because basic properties such that $$ 1 \cdot x = x $$, $$ 0 + x = x $$, and $$ 0 \cdot x = 0 $$ hold. What if it didn't? If you try to make a system where these don't hold, then Math falls apart. But Peano's Axioms come to the rescue and let us prove these basic things. This class serves two purposes: 1) Creating the foundation of modern arithmetic and number theory. 2) Introduction basic proof-writing and how an "it works" proof can be made formal.